Leadership

﻿﻿Leadership ﻿ ﻿The 4 nationalist leaders that lead Italy to unification were Guiseppe Mazzini, Guiseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour, and Victor Emmanuel. Guiseppe Mazzini: Guiseppe Mazzini was a liberal outcast that wanted unification of the Italian states. To spread the ideology of democracy and to spark a sense of Nationalism in the people of Italy he created a secret society called Young Italy. As a civil activist all his life, he had been in a secret society when he was 14 but was caught and spent 6 months in prison. When he got out he formed his new secret society.Young Italy sought to unify the states from Austrian rule and into a free independent republic. Guiseppe Garibaldi: Guiseppe was a military hero in Italian unification. The son of a ship captain he sailed the Mediterranean and Black seas following his father. He eventually joined Young Italy but when the revolution failed he traveled and participated in many conflicts land and sea. He also participated in several failed Italian revolution attempts gaining him admiration amongst the population. He eventually became a general in Emmanuel's army and helped take northern Italy. He then swept south with 1,000 red shirt volunteers and took Sicily and moved up north to Naples. He then turned over this land to Emmanuel II and Emmanuel became the first ruler over a united Italy. Camillo Cavour: Camillo was a moderate who was elected as prime minister of Sardinia-Piedmont under the rule of Victor Emmanuel II he improved the country with his numerous reforms and planned to use the country to weaken Austria and its rule over several Italian states. He rejected Guiseppe Mazzini's idealism and sought to unify Italy with the help of France. After holding secret negotians with Napoleon III war outbroke between Austria, France, and Sardinia-Piedmont. France left the war before the conflict was completely over but Sardinia did gain land. Then Garibaldi made his conquest of Sicily and Naples. Victor Emmanuel II: The king of Sardinia-Piedmont and later the first king of Italy was the son of Charles Albert who had adbicated. Sardinia-Piedmont supported a liberal constitution and Victor protected that constitution in peace talks with the Austrians and became a hero for his people. In 1850 he appointed Camillo Cavour to his cabinet were he excelled and became prime minister. Then Cavour began secret negotiations with France to assist in war with Austria. But then in the middle of the war Napoleon III signed a secret agreement with the Austrians and withdrew. But then Garibaldi finished the job with his volunteers and Emmanuel became first king of Italy and before he died he took Rome and Venetia completing Italy's unification.