Essential+Questions

=Italian Unification Essential Questions=

**1. Why did a united Italy make sense to those who favored unification?**

Those who favored unification prefered that Italy would be a single country because each region spoke the same language, had the same geography, and history so it made trading a lot easier.


 * 2. What were the obstacles in the way of Italian unification, and why might these obstacles make unification difficult?**

Italy was a battleground for princes and people form each region would identify themselves by their region, not their country. the congress of vienna would ignore the idea of unifying Italy and nationalists had to meed in secret societies. Austria was in control of northern italy, hapsburg also ruled italian states.


 * 3. What steps did the Italian leaders take to unify, or ignite nationalist feelings, in the people? **

Giuseppe Mazzini founded young italy, a secret society, and set up a revolution and plotted in exile to unite italy. Victor Emanuel 2nd hoped to join surrounding states. Count Camilio Cavour becomes prime minister and he wanted to end Austria's rule in Italy to unite it.


 * 4. What military steps were taken in order to free Italian people from oppressive rule? **

Cavour was able to make a deal with Napoleon that would help defeat austria if they were at war. So with the help of Napoleon he defeated Austria and the states joined Sardinia. Guseppi Garabaldi recruted 1000 volenteers to win control of Sicili and move towards Naples. The Sardinians joined the Garibaldi's "red shirts" and Emanuel 2nd was crowned king of italy. Finally Rome and Venishia joined with the rest off italy and united the country.


 * 5. What nationalist groups were formed and created in order to strengthen the unification movement? **

Secret societies such as young italy and Risorginento, the Italian nationalist movement, and red shirts. You need to elaborate on both young italy and the red shirts. ABC-CLIO and other resources (including your textbook) include much more in regards to these groups and their impact.


 * 6. What challenges did a united Italy face when they finally were brought together as a nation-state? **

Since there was no tradition of unity there were various issues. The north was richer and had more cities than the south. The south was poor and had a large population of peasents. The catholic church was unhappy with Rome and felt like prisoners in united Italy. Radicals struggled with conservatives and the government and anarchists violently protested. Even though Italy had so many problems it's economy developed inustrialization, which still took place in Italy regardless of it's lack of resorces. the population grew too large resulting in emigration.


 * 7. What role did Napoleon play in the Unification of Italy? **

Camillo Cavour started negotiations with Napolean in case a war broke out between the Austrians and Victor's troops, so that Napolean would aid Victor in pushing out Austrian rule. Camillo then started the war and Napolean's armies pushed the Austrians out of Italy.


 * 8. Explain the viewpoint of the liberals and the conservatives with regards to Italian Unification. **

Liberals want less government control over freedom of speech, religion, and press. They also opposed a conservative monarchy and waned the freedom to elect government representatives who had to care for them. The conservatives supported monarchies and royal families. Conservatives liked the old government before the French revolution and crushed liberal rebellions all the time. Ok, but how does this relate to the Italians before, during, or after they unify. The book, specifically, speaks of the immediate turmoil after unification, and the role the liberals play in shaping government through protests and riots.
 * 9. How does Nationalism unify the people of the Italian States?**

People in the Italian states felt that with a common history, culture, and language the states should be united into a country of their own people instead of states that could be ruled by foreigners. This is an all-encompassing question that looks back on all examples of Italian nationalism thorughout the unification process.